Vikash Jain RTI

lsok esa

                     Jheku mi&f”k{kk funs”kd lkgc]¼if”pe&ch½

                     tu lwpuk vf/kdkjh]

                     jk’Vªh; jkt/kkuh {ks= fnYyh]

                     G-Block, G.B.S.S. School fodkl iqjh]

                     fnYyh&110018

fo"k; % lwpuk vf/kdkj vf/kfu;e 2005 ds rgr tkudkjh gsrw izkFkZuk i= %&

egksn;]

       d`I;k fuEukafdr lwpuk vkSj ml lwpuk] ftldk vuqjks/k lwpuk ds vf/kdkj vf/kfu;e 2005 dh /kkjk 6 ds vUrxZr fd;k x;k gS fd lHkh vkSj izR;sd mrj dh iqf"V esa Hkyh izdkj izekf.kd nLrkostks ds lkFk miyC/k djkus dh d`ik fd;k tk,A

       ekaxh xbZ lwpuk fdlh vU; izkf/kdj.k ls lacaf/kr gS rks /kkjk 6¼3½ ds izko/kkuksa vuqlkj vkosnu i= dks bldh izkfIr dh frfFk ds ikWp fnu ds vUnj lacaf/kr izkf/kdj.k dks LFkkukUrfjr dj fn;k tk, ,ao lkFk gh vkosnd dks Hkh bl ckjs lwfpr dj fn;k tk,A

1-     St. Marks Se. Sec. Public School, Meera Bagh, Paschim Vihar,  fnYyh ds lanHkZ es Mªk dh Observer }kjk nkf[kyk izfd;k iw.kZ fd, tkus rd rFkk EWS nkf[kys l= 2012&2013 ds lEcU/k esa fuEufyf[kr tkudkjh tkuuk pkgrk gWw %&

1-1             mijksDr Ldqy esa dqy fdrus vkosnu  EWS nkf[kys l= 2012&2013 ds nkSjku izkIr gq,] mudh lwph uke] ekrk&firk dk uke o irs lfgr miyC/k djkbZ tk, \ ;fn of.kZr iz”u ls lEcfU/r lwpuk tksu es miyC/k u gks] rks Jheku mi&f”k{kk funs”kd@mi&f”k{kk vf/kdkjh }kjk  lEcfU/kr Ldqy dks Ldqy ekU;rk izek.k i= QkeZ&II ds izko/kkuks ds vuqlkj funsf”kZr dj lEcfU/kr lwpuk miyC/k djokbZ tk,A

1-2             mijksDr Ldqy esa fdrus vkosnu EWS Mªk ds fy, Lohd`r fd, x,] mudh lwph uke o irs lfgr miyC/k djkbZ tk, \ ;fn of.kZr iz”u ls lEcfU/r lwpuk tksu es miyC/k u gks] rks Jheku mi&f”k{kk funs”kd@mi&f”k{kk vf/kdkjh }kjk lEcfU/kr Ldqy dks Ldqy ekU;rk izek.k i= QkeZ& II ds izko/kkuks ds vuqlkj funsf”kZr dj lEcfU/kr lwpuk miyC/k djokbZ tk,A

1-3             mijksDr Ldqy esa Mªk es pqus x, cPpks es ls vkt fnukad 23-03-2012 rd fdrus cPpks dks Ldqy iz”kklu us nkf[kyk ns fn;k gS] mudh uke ] irs o nkf[kyk l[a;k lfgr lwph miyC/k djkbZ tk, \ ;fn of.kZr iz”u ls lEcfU/r lwpuk tksu es miyC/k u gks] rks Jheku mi&f”k{kk funs”kd@mi&f”k{kk vf/kdkjh }kjk  lEcfU/kr Ldqy dks Ldqy ekU;rk izek.k i= QkeZ& II ds izko/kkuks ds vuqlkj funsf”kZr dj lEcfU/kr lwpuk miyC/k djokbZ tk,A              

1-4             mijksDr Ldqy es EWS dksVs ds vUrZxr l= 2012&13 esa vkt rd fdruh lhVs [kkyh gS] mudh d{kk vuqlkj [kkyh lhVks dk C;kSjk miyC/k djk, \ ;fn of.kZr iz”u ls lEcfU/r lwpuk tksu es miyC/k u gks] rks Jheku mi&f”k{kk funs”kd@mi&f”k{kk vf/kdkjh }kjk  lEcfU/kr Ldqy dks Ldqy ekU;rk izek.k i= QkeZ& II ds izko/kkuks ds vuqlkj funsf”kZr dj lEcfU/kr lwpuk miyC/k djokbZ tk,A   

1-5             mijksDr Ldqy esa EWS dksVs ds vUrZxr l= 2012&13 es nkf[ky gq, cPpks ds SDM dk;kZy; }kjk tkjh vk; izek.k i= dh QksVksdkih miyC/k djk, \ ;fn of.kZr iz”u ls lEcfU/r lwpuk tksu es miyC/k u gks] rks Jheku mi&f”k{kk funs”kd@mi&f”k{kk vf/kdkjh }kjk lEcfU/kr Ldqy dks Ldqy ekU;rk izek.k i= QkeZ& II ds izko/kkuks ds vuqlkj funsf”kZr dj lEcfU/kr lwpuk miyC/k djokbZ tk,A

1-6             mijksDr Ldqy es fdrus cPps Genral Categry o muds eqrkfcd 25 izfr”kr fdrus cPpks dks vkt fnukad 23-03-2012 rd nkf[ky fn;k x;k] d`I;k rkfydk vuqlkj lwpuk iznku djs A ;fn of.kZr iz”u ls lEcfU/r lwpuk tksu es miyC/k u gks] rks Jheku mi&f”k{kk funs”kd@mi&f”k{kk vf/kdkjh }kjk  lEcfU/kr Ldqy dks Ldqy ekU;rk izek.k i= QkeZ& II ds izko/kkuks ds vuqlkj funsf”kZr dj lEcfU/kr lwpuk miyC/k djokbZ tk,A

dzekd	d{kk	Dqy fdrus cPps lkekU; dSVsfxjh dk nkf[kyk fn;k x;k] mudh l[;k	lkekU; dSVsfxjh ds eqrkfcd 25 izfr”kr dh l[;k	EWS esa nkf[ky cPpks dh l[;k
	1st  to 12th

2-     esjh mijksDr Ldqy ds f[kykQ fnukad 12-03-2012 dks nh xbZ f”kdk;r ij D;k dk;Zokgh dh xbZ \ f”kdk;r dh nSfud izxfr fjiksVZ o dk;Zokgh lEcfU/kr Noting  lfgr lwpuk miyC/k djokbZ tk,

3-     District Admission Monitoring Committee (West-B) ds v/;{k o lnL;ks dh D;k&D;k Duties gS \ D`I;k foLrkj ls lwpuk miyC/k djokbZ tk, A

4-     District Admission Monitoring Committee (West-B) ds v/;{k o lnL;ks dks nkf[kys ds fy, EWS dh [kkyh iMh lhVks es nkf[kyk fnyokus ds fy, D;k&D;k vf/kdkj miyC/k gS \ D`I;k foLrkj ls lwpuk miyC/k djokbZ tk,

5-     D;k tksu&17 ds f”k{kk vf/kdkjh dks izkbZosV Ldqyks ds f[kykQ feyh f”kdk;rks ij dk;Zokgh djus dk vf/kdkj gS \ ;fn gkW rks fdu&fdu Ldqyks ds f[kykQ lEcfU/kr vf/kdkjh us nks’kh Ldqy ds f[kykQ D;k dk;Zokgh dh xbZ ] d`I;k iw.kZ fooj.k lfgr dk;Zokgh fjiksVZ dh izfr;k miyC/k djkbZ tk,A

6-     tksu&17 ds f”k{kk vf/kdkjh Jh H.K. Pandey th ds f[kykQ fdruh f”kdk;rsa ntZ gqbZ gS] muds f[kykQ f”kdk;rdrkZ dk uke] irk] nSfud izxfr fjiksVZ o dk;Zokgh lEcfU/kr Noting  lfgr lwpuk miyC/k djokbZ tk,

7-     mi&f”k{kk funs”kd if”pe&ch ds dk;kZy; es dk;Zjr fdrus vf/kdkjh;ks dkss RTI ds fu;eks dk mYy?aku djus ij dHkh nks’kh ik;k x;k o muds f[kykQ fdlh izdkj dh oS/kkafud dk;Zokgh dh xbZ gS ;k dh xbZ Fkh d`I;k dk;Zokgh dh fVIi.kh;ks lfgr izekf.kr izfr;k miyC/k djkbZ tk,A

8-     mi&f”k{kk funs”kd if”pe&ch ds dk;kZy; es dk;Zjr fdrus vf/kdkjh;ks ds f[kykQ f”k{kk vf/kdkj vf/kfu;e 2009 ds rgr vf/kfu;e ds fu;eks dk mYy/aku djus ds f[kykQ dk;Zokgh u djus o f”k{kk vf/kdkj vf/kfu;e dks izkbZosV Ldqyks es dk;kZfUor es ck/kk cuus ij nks’kh vf/kdkjh ds f[kykQ dksbZ ekeyk lrZdrk foHkkx esa yfEcr gS ;k dk;Zokgh dh tk pqdh gS \ d`I;k dk;Zokgh dh fVIi.kh;ks lfgr izekf.kr izfr;k miyC/k djkbZ tk,A

9-     mi&f”k{kk funs”kd if”pe&ch ds dk;kZy; eas f”k{kk vf/kdkj vf/kfu;e 2009 ds fu;eks dk fdlh vf/kdkjh }kjk mYy?aku djus ij o nks’kh ik, tkus ij nfMr djus dk izko/kku gS ;fn gkW rks d`I;k foLrkj ls lwpuk miyC/k djokbZ tk;s A

10-   lwpuk vf/kdkj vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 2(J) ds rgr mijksDr of.kZr iz”uks ls lEcfU/kr fjdkMZ QkbZy vkosnd O;fDrxr rkSj ij lgk;d lfgr fuj{k.k djuk pkgrk gS D;ksfd vkosnd vxzsth lEcfU/kr fjdkMZ QkbZyks dks i<us o le>us es vleFkZ gS A d`I;k fjdkMZ QkbZyks dks fufj{k.k gsrq le;] LFkku o frfFk fu/kkZfjr dj izkFkhZ dks lwfpr fd;k tk,A

11-   D`I;k lwpuk vf/kdkj vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 2(J) dh mi/kkjk (4) ds rgr lwpuk vxj 25 ist ls vf/kd gS rks ekaxh xbZ lwpuk CD es nsus dk izko/kku ds rgr CD es lwpuk nsus dh d`ik djs A

eS lwpuk vf/kdkj vf/kfu;e 2005 ds rgr vkosnu Qhl ds :i esa 10@&:i;sa udn@iksLVy vkMZj vyx ls tek dj jgk gwW ftldk Hkkjrh; iksLVy vkMZj u0 -------------------------------------------------fnukad % --------------------------------------- jkf'k 10@&:i;sa dk lyaXu gSA

d`I;k lHkh tokc fgUnh esa nsus dh d`ik djsaA

/kU;okn lfgrA

ST. MARY'S SR. SEC SCHOOL PHOTO

Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes

Art. 15(4) :  Clause 4 of article 15 is the fountain head of all provisions regarding compensatory discrimination for SCs/STs. This clause was added in the first amendment to the constitution in 1951 after the SC judgement in the case of Champakam Dorairajan vs State of Madras AIR 1951. It says thus, "Nothing in this article or in article 29(2) shall prevent the state from making any provisions for the advancement of any socially and economically backward classes of citizens or for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes." This clause started the era of reservations in India.

In the case of Balaji vs State of Mysore AIR 1963, the SC held that reservation cannot be more than 50%. Further, that art. 15(4) talks about backward classes and not backward castes thus caste is not the only criterion for backwardness and other criteria must also be considered.

Finally, in the case of Indra Sawhney vs Union of India AIR 1993, SC upheld the decision given under Balaji vs State of Mysore that reservation should not exceed 50% except only in special circumstances. It further held that it is valid to sub-categorize the reservation between backward and more backward classes. However, total should still not exceed 50%. It also held that the carry forward rule is valid as long as reservation does not exceed 50%.

Art. 15 (5) : This clause was added in 93rd amendment in 2005 and allows the state to make special provisions for backward classes or SCs or STs for admissions in private educational institutions, aided or unaided.
Art. 16(4): This clause allows the state to reserve vacancies in public service for any backward classes of the state that are not adequately represented in the public services.
Art. 16 (4A): This allows the state to implement reservation in the matter of promotion for SCs and STs.
Art. 16(4B): This allows the state to consider unfilled vacancies reserved for backward classes as a separate class of vacancies not subject to a limit of 50% reservation.

Art. 17:  This abolishes untouchability and its practice in any form. Although the term untouchability has not been defined in the constitution or in any act but its meaning is to be understood not in a literal sense but in the context of Indian society. Due to the varna system, some people were relegated to do menial jobs such as cleaning toilets. Such people were not to be touched and it was considered a sin to even touch their shadow. They were not even allowed to enter public places such as temples and shops. The constitution strives to remove this abhorring practice by not only making the provision a fundamental right but also allows punishment to whoever practices or abets it in any form. Towards this end, Protection of Civil Rights Act 1955 was enacted. It has implemented several measures to  eradicate this evil from the society. It stipulates up to 6 months imprisonment or 500 Rs fine or both. It impresses upon the public servant to investigate fully any complaint in this matter and failing to do so will amount to abetting this crime. In the case of  State of Kar. vs Appa Balu Ingle 1993, SC upheld the conviction for preventing a lower caste person from filling water from a bore well.
In Asiad Projects Workers Case 1982, SC has held that right under Art 17 is available against private individuals as well and it is the duty of the state to ensure that this right is not violated.

Art. 19(5): It allows the state to impose restriction on freedom of movement or of residence in the benefit of Scheduled Tribes.

Art. 40: Provides reservation in 1/3 seats in Panchayats to SC/ST.
Art. 46: Enjoins the states to promote with care the educational and economic interests of the weaker sections, specially SC and STs.

Art. 164: Appoint special minister for tribal welfare in the states of MP, Bihar, and Orrisa.

Art. 275: Allows special grant in aids to states for tribal welfare.

Art. 330/332: Allows reservation of seats for SC/ST in the parliament as well as in state legislatures.

Art. 335: Allows relaxation in qualifying marks for admission in educational institutes or promotions for SCs/STs.
In the case of State of MP vs Nivedita Jain AIR 1981, SC held that complete relaxation of qualifying marks for SCs/STs in Pre-Medical Examinations for admission to medical colleges is valid.

Art. 338/338A/339: Establishes a National Commission of SCs and STs.  Art. 339 allows the central govt. to direct states to implement and execute plans for the betterment of SC/STs.

Art. 340: Allows the president to appoint a commission to investigate the condition of socially and economically backward classes and table the report in the parliament.

For women

Art. 15(3): It allows the state to make special provisions for women and children. Several acts such as Dowry Prevention Act have been passed including the most recent one of Protection of women from domestic violence Act 2005.
Art. 23: Under the fundamental right against exploitation, flesh trade has been banned.
Art. 39: Ensures equal pay to women for equal work.
In the case of Randhir Singh vs Union of India 1982, SC held that the concept of equal pay for equal work is indeed a constitutional goal and is capable of being enforced through constitutional remedies under Art. 32. 
Art. 40: Provides 1/3 reservation in panchayat.
Art. 42: Provides free pregnancy care and delivery.
Art. 44: It urges the state to implement uniform civil code, which will help improve the condition of women across all religions. It has, however, not been implemented due to politics. In the case of Sarla Mudgal vs Union of India AIR 1995, SC has held that in Indian Republic there is to be only one nation i.e. Indian nation and no community could claim to be a separate entity on the basis of religion. 

There is a plan to provide reservation to women in parliament as well.

For children
Art. 19 A: Education up to 14 yrs has been made a fundamental right. Thus, the state is required to provide school education to children.
In the case of Unni Krishnan vs State of AP AIR 1993, SC held that right to education for children between 6 to 14 yrs of age is a fundamental right as it flows from Right to Life. After this decision, education was made a fundamental right explicitly through 86th amendment in 2002.

Art. 24: Children have a fundamental right against exploitation and it is prohibited to employ children below 14 yrs of age in factories and any hazardous processes. Recently the list of hazardous processes has been update to include domestic, hotel, and restaurant work.
Several PILs have been filed in the benefit of children. For example, MCMehta vs State of TN AIR 1991, SC has held that children cannot be employed in match factories or which are directly connected with the process as it is hazardous for the children. 
In the case of Lakshmi Kant Pandey vs Union of India, AIR 1984, J Bhagvati has laid down guidelines for adoption of Indian children by foreigners.

Art. 45: Urges the state to provide early childhood care and education for children up to 6 yrs of age.

For older citizens
Art 41: Urges the state to give assistance in the matter of employment, education, and public assistance in cases of unemployment, old age, sickness.

Reservation as a constitutional right
Indian constitution envisages a state where everybody is treated equally. Even in the preamble, the constitution strives to provide equality in opportunity. Further, the constitution adopts the concept of "like should be treated alike" as the basis of equality. Thus, it is very clear that the constitution guarantees special provisions to be made for the betterment of special classes of citizens. In Part XVI, the constitution has laid down several articles that provide preferential treatment to backward classes.

There can be several ways through which the condition of backward classed can be improved and reservation is one such way. So it can be safely said that although reservation is not guaranteed by the constitution or it is not a constitutional right but it is certainly protected by the constitution as a mechanism to uplift the underprivileged classes.

Reservation for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in Government services

Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes have been identified as the two most backward groups of Indian Society. They include all such castes, races or tribes, which have been declared as scheduled castes and scheduled tribes by the Constitution of India under the provisions of Article 341 and 342 of the Constitution of India. Scheduled Castes generally represent those communities, which have suffered from the stigma of untouchability in one form or the other. Scheduled Tribes are generally those who have been living in seclusion in hills and forests, more or less untouched by modern civilization and development.

Scheduled Castes constitute about 15 per cent of the total population of the country while Scheduled Tribes constitute about 7.5 per cent of the total Indian Population. Thus, together, these groups constitute a little more than one fifth of the total population of the country.

When India became independent, it committed itself to a socially just and equal social order. The Constitution of the country, promulgated in 1950, recognizes the scheduled castes and the scheduled tribes as the two most backward groups needing special protection. A number of provisions have been made in the Constitution with a view to abolish all forms of discrimination and put these groups at par with others.

Specific provisions for the reservation in services, in favour of the members of the scheduled castes and scheduled tribes, have been made in the Constitution of India are as follows:

Article 16(4) - Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment - Nothing in this Article shall prevent the State from making any provision for the reservation of appointments or posts in favour of any backward class or citizens, which, in the opinion of the State, is not adequately represented in the services under the State.

As per article 335, the claims of the members of the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes shall be taken into consideration, consistently with the maintenance of efficiency of administration, in the making of appointments to services and posts in connection with the affairs of the Union or State.

The main objective of providing reservation for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in Government services is not just to give jobs to some persons belonging to these communities, and thereby increase their representations in the services, but to improve the status of these people socially and educationally so that they can take their rightful place in the mainstream of society. 

This govt is playing a danger game with SC/STs

This govt is playing a danger game with SC/STs by passing controversial reservation bil-2008.Remember year-2008 when this govt was in big trouble during “Atomic Co-operation Bill” and our leaders provided support to save govt. Now, govt has forgotten that time. This is govt that always cry during elections that they are for welfare of SC/STs. There should be reservation SC/STs according to constitution not only in govt bodies but also in private bodies.
When SC/STs sit in inetrviews, the host institute discards them by saying that you are not fit for the job by marking “No suitable candidate was found” on advertisement file. Take an example of IIT Delhi, how many SC/ST students got addmitted in higher education (i.e PhD)? Take another example of NIPERS how may SC/ST faculties are?. The all top positions of country are occupied by upper cast peoples, they restrict the SC/ST persons to enter in higher eductaion as well as in employement and this can not be without support of Govt. Still total thousant crore backlog vaccacies are in country but govt never took this matter seriously. This condition is similar to conditions during British Law&oredrs in the country. See any employement news paper there will posts- clerk, safaiwala, carpenter, halwai, washerman etc all reserved for SC/ST persons. But when you see the Posts of- Scientist, manager, faculties in research institutes, faculties in IIT/NIT/IISER/CSIR Labs/DRDO/BARC all are reserrved for upper cast persons. it is a very worst condition for Sc/Sts. There is only one way the awaik the govt- be all SC/STs united for a long mass movement. We have to learn something from Libiyai people……..

Dr. Singh, Prof. Mungekar Prof. Thorat,Prof. Ramesh Chandra and Sc/St leaders

ALL INDIA MUSLIM BACKWARD COMMUNITY WELFARE TRUST(AIMBC) MUMBAI MAHARASHTRA

ALL INDIA MUSLIM BACKWARD COMMUNITY WELFARE TRUST(AIMBC) MUMBAI MAHARASHTRA shan790@gmail.com
In a great development for a PIL lodged in Supreme Court by Akhil Maharastra Khatik Samaj (AMKS) for inclusion of Dalit Muslims in Scheduled Caste category, the apex court recently ordered Union of India to file counter affidavit to the writ petition. It is happening for the first time that the Union of India has responded to this petition. Shamsuddin Shaikh,chairman of Akhil Maharashtra Khatik Samaj, has said that they are fighting for Dalit Muslim rights for more than a decade. From 1935 to 1950 all Dalits irrespective of their religion were provided with reservations.

However, on Jan.26, 1950 when the constitution of India came into force an Order was passed by then President of India, Dr. Rajendra Prasad, limiting the reservation to only “Hindu Dalits”, clearly prohibiting the provision of Article 341 which states that all SCs should be given reservation. The Presidential Order 1950 denies inclusion of Dalits of any community other than Hindu in the SC category. The order says no person who professes a religion different from Hinduism shall be deemed to be a member of the SC. This part of the order runs contrary to the provisions of Articles 14 (equality before the law), 15 (prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion) and 25 (freedom to profess and practice any religion) of the Constitution.

The situation clearly calls for a constitutional amendment to include Dalit Muslims and Dalit Christians. Sikhs and
Budhists were already included under SC. Dalit Muslims deserve SC reservation as they are not only engaged in the same profession as “Hindu Dalit” but also suffer the same discrimination as their “Dalit Hindu” counterpart. Mushtaq Ahmed, Supreme Court advocate in the above case, said the Ranganath Mishra Commission has also recommended SC status for Dalit Muslims. There are 35 Dalit Muslim castes among Muslims.The final hearing of apex court is on 29/3/2011.we hope dalit converts will get justice. 

Original Article about the Bill in Deccan Herald

Article that appeared in Deccan Herald, 6th February 2009

IN PERSPECTIVE

Reservation for Dalits in varsities

By Ambrose Pinto

Dalits feel that while political reservation is extended easily, there is resistance in education.

The Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) have finally managed to get the Human Resource Development Ministry to drop its proposal to reserve posts for SCs, STs and OBCs in faculty recruitment. The faculty had vehemently opposed the circular of the Government of India, which reserved teaching posts in Central Universities and Deemed Universities for SCs/STs and assistant professors in IITs. The present bill titled “SC/ST Reservation Bill-2008”, removes reserving teaching posts for SCs/STs in the above institutions. The Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes (Reservation in Posts and Services) Bill, 2008 moved by the Department of Personnel and Training in the Rajya Sabha in December 2008 has listed IITs among institutes of national importance which can be exempted from reservation of posts. The 47 institutes that will skip faculty reservation once the legislation gets Parliamentary approval include the seven older IITs, the seven IIMs, Aligarh Muslim University, Allahabad University and AIIMS. Also excluded from the faculty reservation ambit are 19 National Institutes of Technology (NITs), Jawaharlal Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Banaras Hindu University, Delhi University, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research in Chandigarh, Visva Bharati in West Bengal, Victoria Memorial, National Library, Indian Museum — all in Kolkata, and the Indian War Memorial in New Delhi. The legislation is pending Parliamentary approval and exempts institutes of excellence from reserving posts and the IITs are among these. The Dalit groups are up in arms against the order. There are three types of reservation in the Constitution for SCs/STs. The one considered most important is political reservation. The other two are reservations in educational institutions and employment opportunities. After every 10 years, the political reservation gets extended by amending Article 330 and 332. Through political reservation 119 members of the SC/ST community get elected to the Parliament and 1050 MLAs get elected to the state legislatures. Invariably, political reservation gets fully implemented while there has been resistance for the implementation of reservation in services and education. There are questions being raised by members of the Dalit community for the easy extension of political reservation and the reluctance to extend other kinds of reservation. They opine though there is no strong demand from society to extend political reservation, it is always extended without much pressure for it creates stooges, who can dance to the tunes of the political masters in different parties. The other issue about SC/ST reservations is that there are several constitutional provisions for reservations but hardly any executive orders with provision of punishment for non-implemention. There are various examples on how reservations have been sabotaged. Previously there was a vacancy-based roster, which benefited SC/ST/OBCs. In this system whatever the posts may be, they were divided as per reservation percentage meant for SC/ST/OBC and General. The system has changed into post-based roster system. In this system every post is assigned to particular category and for getting one SC seat, there should be at least eight seats of employment. Among eight seats, the seventh will be given to SC category and 13th one to ST category. If there are less than seven appointments at a time, not a single one is given to SCs/STs.  The Dalits think that this is a conspiracy. Previously all the seven seats were distributed among SCs/ STs/OBCs and General group. But by this new roster system only general candidates benefit. Single post reservation has also been cancelled. The argument of the anti-reservationists have been that there are no candidates and the available candidates are not suitable. Dalits can fight their battle by filing a case in the Supreme Court, a decision the section of the Dalits have yet to arrive at. The second one is not to allow the bill to pass through the Lok Sabha. The other is what Ambedkar had instructed them, “My final words of advice to you are educate, agitate and organise. With justice on our side I do not see how we can loose our battle…For ours is a battle not for wealth or for power. It is battle for freedom. It is the battle of reclamation of human personality.” It will depend on the choice Dalits make. (The writer is principal of St Joseph’s College, B’lore.)